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Poster Commentary

"The heroic hours of life do not announce their presence by drum and trumpet."Benjamin Cardozo

Poster design:Milton Glaser

Commentary

by Erica Brown

A hero is a firefighter who goes into burning buildings on the afternoon of 9/11. A hero is a pilot who lands a plane full of people safely on the Hudson River. Both of these men would tell you that they were just doing their jobs, but just doing their jobs required a heroic dose of bravery.

The word hero comes from the Greek heros, which means a demigod, a larger-than-life superhero who has extraordinary strength. But Benjamin Cardozo (1870–1938) encourages us to think of the word’s Latin origins: to be a hero is to protect, defend or save others. It may be to perform ordinary acts with extraordinary courage.

Cardozo, who was a Supreme Court justice for six years, turns our attention to the jobs that get no “drum and trumpet,” to the invisible heroes: the woman who cares for an aging parent, the man who retires from a corporate job to work in a homeless shelter. Cardozo’s mother died when he was very young, and his older sister, Nell, raised him. He probably knew a lot about silent heroism firsthand.

Today there is a law school in New York named after Benjamin Cardozo. In history, he has earned his drum and trumpet. But in quieter moments, maybe he will also be remembered for his praise of the quiet hero. As it says in Psalms, “The world is built on kindness.”

Conversation Guide

WHAT DO YOU THINK?

The commentary to this poster points to the silent heroes who make their mark in the world. Supreme Court Justice Cardozo urges us to seek those heroes who are not “larger than life,” but rather exhibit quiet heroism and bravery in the midst of everyday life.

What might Cardozo mean by the reference to “drum and trumpet”? What situations are announced by drum and trumpet? Are heroes usually found in those settings?

What characterizes a hero, or a “heroic hour”?

Does everyone become a hero at some point in his or her life? How so?

Can you think of a heroic act you were able to perform? How did it feel? Were you announced by “drum and trumpet”?

WHAT DO YOU SEE?

Each image calls out to us to examine it, to note our thoughts and feelings, and relate these impressions to the quotation. Often clues in the artwork suggest meaning and invite interpretation.

Graphic designer Milton Glaser uses perspective and invites us to explore the layering of private lives, quiet heroism, and public triumph.

How does the image present the quotation? Was this how you interpreted the quotation without the image?

Describe the objects found in the different sections of the image. How do they contrast with one another?

What do you think is symbolized by the quotation in the armchair under the portrait of Cardozo?

Why might Glaser have included a thunderstorm, but not a drum or trumpet in this image?

Please use this guide creatively in your programs. We’d also love to see what you’re doing and share it with others, so please post on our website using the Share button in The Exchange.

Credits

Harold Grinspoon Foundation, West Springfield, MA

Author

Benjamin Cardozo

1870–1938

Lived in New York and Washington, D.C.

U.S. Supreme Court justice

About

Benjamin Cardozo was born in New York City in 1870 of Sephardic-Jewish stock: his family emigrated from Spain and Portugal to the United States in the mid-18^th century.

After practicing law for over 20 years, Cardozo was elected to the New York State Supreme Court, on which his father had served (but from which he resigned due to mounting evidence of corruption). Soon after, Cardozo was appointed to the New York Court of Appeals, the first Jewish appointee to the state’s highest court. During his tenure on the court he gave a series of lectures at Yale that were later published as The Nature of the Judicial Process, an influential book that analyzes the conscious and unconscious processes by which judges decide their cases.

Early in 1932, when Oliver Wendell Holmes retired from the US Supreme Court at age 90, President Herbert Hoover replaced him with Cardozo. Later that same year, Franklin Delano Roosevelt assumed the presidency and waged war on the Depression through his New Deal, which deeply divided the Supreme Court. For example, in 1936 the Court held unconstitutional the federal government’s attempt to regulate wages and hours in the coal industry (Cardozo was one of three dissenters). The following year the Court reversed itself and permitted federal regulation of the steel industry. Cardozo was in the majority, along with Brandeis (the other Jewish member of the Court), Stone, Roberts and Chief Justice Hughes. In May 1937 Cardozo wrote the majority opinion that upheld the Social Security Act.

In 1938, after only six years on the Court, Cardozo suffered a stroke and died at the age of 68.

Links

Background on Cardozo

Credits

Image Credit: Photograph of Benjamin Cardozo from Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Digital ID: cph 3a38655 (http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3a38655)

Artist

Milton Glaser

New York

Graphic designer

• • •

About

Milton Glaser is among the most celebrated graphic designers in the United States. He has had the distinction of one-man shows at The Museum of Modern Art and the Centre Pompidou.

As a Fulbright scholar, Glaser studied with the painter Giorgio Morandi in Bologna and is an articulate spokesman for the ethical practice of design.

He cofounded the revolutionary Push Pin Studios in 1954 and, with Clay Felker, New York magazine in 1968. In 1974, he opened Milton Glaser, Inc., where he continues to produce a prolific amount of work in many fields of design.

In 2004, he was selected for the Lifetime Achievement Award of the Cooper-Hewitt, National Design Museum. In 2009, he became the first graphic designer to receive the National Medal of the Arts.

Links

Milton Glaser's Website

Glaser's most recent book - "100 Years of Wisdom"

Glaser's works at MOMA (New York's Museum of Modern Art)

Interview with Glaser about "I [heart] NY"

More design by Milton Glaser

Media

The New York Times visits Milton Glaser's studio

Milton Glaser's Ted Talk

Chip Kidd interviews Milton Glaser

Quote

"The heroic hours of life do not announce their presence by drum and trumpet."Benjamin Cardozo

Context

The tests of character come to us silently, unawares, by slow and inaudible approaches. We hardly know that they are there, till lo! the hour has struck, and the choice has been made, well or ill, but whether well or ill, a choice.

The heroic hours of life do not announce their presence by drum and trumpet, challenging us to be true to ourselves by appeals to the martial spirit that keeps the blood at heat...

These are the moments when you will need to remember the game that you are playing. Then it is that you will be summoned to show the courage of adventurous youth.

Source

Source of quote: Cardozo, Judge Benjamin Nathan, Law and Literature and Other Essays and Addresses, Fred B.Rothman & Co., Littleton CO, 1986. From an address delivered In Chancellors Hall, 1925.

Hebrew

"רגעי הגבורה בחיים אינם מכריזים על נוכחותם בתופים ובחצוצרות."

-בנג'מין קרדוזו

R.O. Blechman	Ivan Chermayeff	Seymour Chwast	Tom Geismar	Bob Gill	Milton Glaser
Carin Goldberg	Mervyn Kurlansky	Art Paul	Alan Peckolick	Michael Peters	Dan Reisinger
Paula Scher	Daniel Bennett Schwartz	Arnold Schwartzman	Henry Steiner	George Tscherny	Yarom Vardimon

Baal Shem Tov	Ben-Zoma, Pirke Avot 4:1	Louis Brandeis	Martin Buber	Benjamin Cardozo	Adapted from Deuteronomy 20:19
Deuteronomy Rabbah 1:10	Blu Greenberg	Rabbi Abraham Joshua Heschel	Rabbi Hillel (Pirke Avot 1:14)	Maimonides	Benjamin Mandelstamm
Rabbi Menachem Mendel of Kotzk	Rabbi Nachman of Breslau	Adapted from Song of Songs 8:6	Susan Sontag	Talmud, Taanit 23A	Rabbi Tarfon, Pirke Avot 2:21

"All journeys have secret destinations of which the traveler is unaware."	"A community is too heavy to carry alone."	"From every human being there rises a light."
"The heroic hours of life do not announce their presence by drum and trumpet."	"A human being is like a letter of the alphabet: to produce a word, it must combine with another."	"I found a fruitful world, because my ancestors planted it for me. Likewise I am planting for my children."
"If I am not for myself, who will be for me? But if I am only for myself, what am I? If not now, when?"	"If you believe breaking is possible, believe fixing is possible."	"It is not your responsibility to finish the work of perfecting the world, but you are not free to desist from it either."
"Love is stronger than death."	"Man's life depends on the trees of the field."	"A miracle cannot prove what is impossible. It only confirms what is possible."
"Most of the things worth doing in the world were declared impossible before they were done."	"Once I had tasted the fruit of the tree of knowledge, there was no going back. "	"Silence remains, inescapably, a form of speech."
"There is nothing more whole than a broken heart."	"When I marched in Selma, I felt my legs were praying."	"Who is wise? One who learns from all people. Who is honored? One who honors everyone."

R.O. Blechman	Ivan Chermayeff	Seymour Chwast
Tom Geismar	Bob Gill	Milton Glaser
Carin Goldberg	Mervyn Kurlansky	Art Paul
Alan Peckolick	Michael Peters	Dan Reisinger
Paula Scher	Daniel Bennett Schwartz	Arnold Schwartzman
Henry Steiner	George Tscherny	Yarom Vardimon

Baal Shem Tov	Ben-Zoma, Pirke Avot 4:1	Louis Brandeis
Martin Buber	Benjamin Cardozo	Adapted from Deuteronomy 20:19
Deuteronomy Rabbah 1:10	Blu Greenberg	Rabbi Abraham Joshua Heschel
Rabbi Hillel (Pirke Avot 1:14)	Maimonides	Benjamin Mandelstamm
Rabbi Menachem Mendel of Kotzk	Rabbi Nachman of Breslau	Adapted from Song of Songs 8:6
Susan Sontag	Talmud, Taanit 23A	Rabbi Tarfon, Pirke Avot 2:21

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